Does assuring (via Chrome “Update…”) that you are using the latest version of Chrome confirm that you have the latest version? If so, it may be you have highly restrictive security settings (in that browser only) such as a strict cookie policy; strict cookies can interfere with web-based logins.
As another Windows 11 browser (Opera) works for you, it isn’t your OS (Windows) or network settings, it is definitely “Chrome on desktop” (specific to that browser) related. After assuring you have the latest version, I’d continue to examine Chrome’s Settings… dialog to see if some sort of cookie or other security policy setting is the culprit. Good luck, chasing these down can be frustrating.