JOSM QGIS Arc Pro - .OSM Extraction

GeoFabrik strips the shapefiles (they only exist in Antarctica which is useless) and the .pbf or .osm files of all of the original OSM attributes which makes them worthless.

Things I’ve tried -
Planet OSM most recent wold file (144gb) download
GeoFabrik - ASIA .bz2 download
GeoFabrik - Taiwan .pbf download

Ways to open I’ve tried-
QGIS - open file export to .shp
JOSM (just crashes)
Arc Pro (doesn’t do anything because the only importers are for desktop which hasn’t been mainstream for nearly a decade.

End state goal -
This all started after finding this: https://www.openrailwaymap.org/ and wanting to get the data for Taiwan for a project. It seems impossible. The website itself won’t answer any emails. This data is from OSM but of course you can’t download a country’s worth of data and no one in their right mind is going block by block through an entire country to get all of the data (with the attributes, because otherwise it’s useless).

I am about to just call it a known data gap and a loss because I can own all of the outputs but if I cannot use it in any way then it’s just taking up space.