If you don’t cycle highway=cycleways, you couldn’t cycle any cycle route in Nederland! Also, there are many unpaved cycleways. I’m pretty sure most of those have a surface and/or smoothness tag. Include highway=cycleway and exclude (or give a very high penalty to) surface=unpaved|ground|dirt|grass|… (not asphalt and not paved) and you’ll be fine on your Cervélo Calidonia-5. Nevertheless, if you really want to race, you need more info and you won’t find that in the OSM database. Maybe a raceability scale could be introduced…